Friday, December 27, 2019

The Literature of the Victorian Period - 1090 Words

â€Å"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Stevenson Book Analysis â€Å"North and South† by Gaskell Book Report Example of Literature Review essay, Sample Paper Introduction The literature of the Victorian period is the synonymy of oppositions. Some of the oppositions introduced by this period are to be considered â€Å"vital† as they deal with the major human values. The list of the works known to be the best representations of the Victorian world outlook is very long; nevertheless some works are to be highlighted. Opposition is the core of Stevenson’s â€Å"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde†. Its outstanding resolution and the struggle of two forces has become the embodiment of duality. Another works to mention is Mrs. Gaskell’s â€Å"North and South†. Being based on†¦show more content†¦This is the contradiction between the life that she has known in the South and the life she faces in the North. This is also a fight of the values, which dif fer in two different parts of the country. The equality of the South converts into the absence of rights in the North. The book also opposes two different feelings of the heroine. Belonging to the class of workers she is against their poverty and the way they are treated at the mill, at the same time she is in love with the owner of the mill. This converts into the confrontation of two different social classes. The insolubility of all these oppositions makes the heroine want to come back to the old ways in Helstone. But when she does†¦ She realizes that everything changes and that her way of life is not the only possible and perfect one. She reconciles the oppositions with the awareness of achieving the balance through having the ability to help the â€Å"poor† people, even now belonging to the upper class. The reader also faces the opposition of the upper class cruelty and the understanding that there people inside the class that do want to be equitable. The nature of t ensions of the books It is not surprising to see that both of the book have common aspects and the primary aspects of course the social one. The both deal with the basic Victorian â€Å"discoveries†. Stevenson’s: One person, being a solid creature may still have two different parts, two opposite identities, that struggle forShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Victorian Literature1437 Words   |  6 Pages Are the Victorians Romantics? Characteristics of Victorian literature are largely artists that are inspired by both the art that came before them and the event that occurred during the time that they were working. Victorian literature is largely characterized by the struggle of working people and the triumph of right over wrong, which do in part can be hard to decipher at times. This means that a piece of work can seem Victoria, but may not have been written in the Victorian era, or something canRead MoreGender Inequalities in Victorian England: Robert Browning’s Porphyria’s Lover984 Words   |  4 Pages end in cruel, cold-blooded murder? Good evening and welcome to Poetry Break Down, I’m your host Mary Doe. Tonight, we will delve into the fascinating world of classic Victorian literature. Under the microscope is canonized poet, the late Robert Browning. Browning’s poetry was a reflection of his life and times living in Victorian England. Later on this evening we will analyze just how his times came to play a major role in some of his greatest works, in particular his revered poem Porphyria’s LoverRead MoreSimilarities and Differences Between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period.1210 Words   |  5 PagesSimilarities and differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period. Similarities and Differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period What were the similarities and differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period? The Romantic Age and Victorian Period had many similarities, but they had far more differences. They first differed in rule: the Romantic Age didn’t have a king or queen, but the Victorian Period did. They were similar and different in writing styles, andRead MoreJane Austens Influence in the Romantic Period958 Words   |  4 PagesRomantic Period [1800-1850]. Another factor that affected this Romantic Period was the end of the French Revolution [1815]. While the war was happening in France , many of the Philosopher, Jean-Jacques, influences began to reach England. â€Å"Jean Jacques suggested that humans in the state of nature are neither good nor evil and that it is society that corrupts humans or cultivates good citizens† (Miller). This theory of Apocalyptic was linked to the French Revolution. (Miller) The Victorian Era startedRead MoreCompare And Contrast Different Literature Periods1452 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Literature Periods Literature by definition according to Oxford dictionary is the written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit. Literature has classified into several periods. Which has affected by the surrounding events in the society in each period like economic levels, war and peace. Literature is considering as a human creation is differing from the other because of the changing in the society and language development in every period. This essayRead MoreThe Romantic Age vs. The Victorian Period Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesRomantic Age and Victorian Period had many similarities, but they had just as many or more differences. They first differed in rule; the Romantic Age didnt have a king or queen, but they did during the Victorian Period. They were similar and different in writing styles, and beliefs. The Industrial Revolution also had a huge effect on both time periods. The Romantic Period was from 1784 until 1832, it brought a more brave, individual, and imaginative approach to both literature and life. DuringRead MoreBritish Literature : Final Exam1300 Words   |  6 PagesBritish Literature II - Final Exam British Literature is filled with diverse and talented writers who through each period has brought something new to the table. Over the course of the term we have covered the Romantic period, the Victorian Age and the Modern period. Each period has had a hand in developing literature through to the modern age and each writer has influenced the next generation. To best examine each period of literature the paper will be split amongst the three major periods the courseRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of The Victorian Era1715 Words   |  7 PagesBeltran English IV- C Ms. Gordon 18 March 2015 Research Paper Throughout history, many time periods have been similar and different from each other. People from each time period decide what they want to continue incorporating and what they would like to disregard. The Victorian Era was brought about upon to show rebellion from the Romantic period. The Victorian Era is a reaction against the Romantic Period due to differences in terms of historical influences, effects of science, crises of faith, andRead MoreThe Era Of The Victorian Era1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe Victorian Era is a period prominent in harboring peace, prosperity as well as introducing the later shifts in industrial and political reforms. Queen Victoria a notable person of the era, began her reign in 1837 and influenced England by the values she encouraged. The Victorian Era is divided into four categories: â€Å"The Early Period is known as â€Å"A time of Troubles†, The Mid-Victorian Period, The Late Period and The Nineties.†(Stephen Greenblatt). The Nineties i s thoroughly separated among theRead MoreBritish Literature : Final Exam1301 Words   |  6 PagesBritish Literature II - Final Exam British Literature is filled with diverse and talented writers who through each period has brought something new to the table. Over the course of the term we have covered the Romantic period, the Victorian Age and the Modern period. Each period has had a hand in developing literature through to the modern age and each writer has influenced the next generation. To best examine each period of literature the paper will be split amongst the three major periods the course

Thursday, December 19, 2019

A Report On The Seals - 1495 Words

It was 0400 at the staging area, the SEALs had shown up in four fully outfitted DPV’s (Desert Patrol Vehicles – Off road vehicles used for combat). Captain O’Hara wondered where the hell they had been keeping those. The plan was that the SEALs would for the most part move hard and fast to the museum and secure it, then hold it until the much larger Marine follow on force arrived. The Marine follow on force consisted of the entire Marine Company; they had pulled, temporarily, the Marine platoon from the school to help with this operation. The SEALs would leave at 0415 and they were itching to go, they were actually looking forward to it. The Marines in armored Humvees and two-half ton trucks, the old M-35’s, would follow thirty†¦show more content†¦The mission was the museum; let the Marines deal with idiots that wanted to take them on and God help them if they did. If you can call if a benefit of the EMP event that it happened on a weekend l ate in the evening which meant there wasn’t a great deal of traffic on the roads. Post event, as they were finding out, it made getting down the roads they needed to quicker and less risky. The SEALs were driving the DPV’s balls out, while the others in the vehicles were looking for potential bad guys. At five miles out they hadn’t seen a living soul, at six and seven miles they had passed through two very small camps, they surprised the hell out of the occupants, they saw that several members of the camps were armed but the SEALs passed through them so quick that they didn’t have time to react. They radioed back the information to the main convoy to be on the lookout for the armed civilians in the camps. At mile eight they entered a large camp that looked to have a population in the hundreds, they realized they wouldn’t be able to go around it; their only option was to pass directly through it. The road passed through the center of it with al l sorts of tents, dwellings made of wood and cardboard, some people only had a tarp over them. The SEALs moved slowly through the camp, people were startled to say the least as seeing the

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Racism in Shakespeares Othello free essay sample

Racism in Othello Racism seems to be a big concern in Shakespeares tragic play, Othello. Because the hero of the play is an outsider, a Moor, we have an idea how blacks were regarded in England, in Elizabethan times. There are many references that bring about the issue of racism from the very beginning to the end. In the tragedy, where Othello is coming from is not mentioned, yet through the descriptions the reader is informed that he belongs to one of the Eastern nationalities such as African, Ottoman Turk or Arab. In this paper I am going to analyze some episodes involving a rejudicial, racist attitude and try to discuss whether Shakespeare was a racist or not. Even though the play is full of offensive definitions of black Othello, we cannot define it as a racist work since Shakespeares black hero is inwardly pure and innocent. He becomes the victim of a seemingly honest white character, Iago in the play. In the play Othello is always under attack due to his ethnic origins. On the night he runs away Desdemona, Iago and Roderigo alert Desdemonas father Brabantio yelling: Zounds, sir you are robbed/For shame put on your gowmYour heart is burst; you have lost half of your soul. (1. 1. 3-5) Martin Orkin states in his article Othello and the plain face of racism that: As such scholars as Eldred Jones and Winthrop Jordan have taught us, there is ample evidence of the existence of color prejudice in the England of Shakespeares day. This prejudice may be accounted for in a number of ways, including xenophobia-as one proverb first recorded in the early seventeenth century has it, Three Moors to a Portuguese; three Portuguese to an Englishman(167) We see that in the play the colors black and white are widely used in order to reveal the differences of the two races more. Iago portrays the sexual relationship etween Othello and Desdemona by likening Othello to and old ram and Desdemona to a white ewe as if a wild, big animal is attacking toa pure white ewe. The lines below are a good example of the prejudices based on color. Even now, now, very now, an old black ram Is topping your white ewe. Arise, arise; Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, Or else the devil will make a grandsire of you: Arise, I say. (1. 1. 86-9) Shakespeare manages to give the general perception of the black in England, at his times. As long as Brabantio looks at Othello as a professional soldier, he has nothing but admiration and affection for him. But forced to consider him in a more intimate relationship, he is trapped in the cultural stereotype of the black man as ugly, cruel, lustful and dangerous, near cousin to the devil himself. ( Salgado 87) The way that Brabantio accused Othello for stealing his daughters heart reveals the attitudes of English men towards the Moor. Othello who Just runs away with his beloved is accused of robbery. The phrase old black ram and the word devil make article Spanish Othello: the making of Shakespeares Moor that: As Roderigo and Iago talk, it is not simply a black man they are setting among the whites. nd Roderigo a civilized barbarian of fierce if repressed Moor means to Iago lusts- but to dramatist himself it surely means something very different, a meaning entailed by his choice of names. The moor is a member of a more interesting and more permanent people: the race of displaced and dispossesed, of Times always vulnerable wanderers. (71) lagds hatred for Othello and Brabantios disapproval of Othello as a son-in-law seems to be caused by his skin color. According to Iago an outsider, a Moor does not deserve to hold a position on the top of the military while there are civilized whites like him. And according to Brabantio a white Venetian who is high born deserves his noble daughter. He can not match really them. Even though Othello has turned into Christianity and fight against Muslim Ottomans for the sake of Christian country he can not be accepted totally The Elizabethan awareness of foreigners was closely conditioned by a traditional religious outlook on the world; and that much new knowledge lay follow or was treated in a merely superficial manner because of this. (Hunter 50) Even though Othello fulfills his duty as a general and he is appreciated by the authorities in Venice and earns a respected position, he is not mbraced by the society enough to marry a Venetian girl. In his article Othellos Alienation Edward Berry says that Shakespeare portrays Othello as a Moor because racial tension and anxiety pervade the atmosphere of Venetian society, and Othello himself, in his aspiration towards assimilation and anxieties about his blackness, internalizes a false dichotomy that can only dehumanize him (330). His otherness caused Venetians to assault him. The reason lies behind this can also be the fear Europeans have for Islam which was the religion of the most powerful empire of that time, the Ottomans, and the territories it controls. Since many African countries were controlled by the Muslims, Othello is probably coming from an Islamic background. Edward Said stated in his Orientalism: For Europe, Islam was a lasting trauma. Until the end of the seventeenth century the Ottoman peril lurked alongside Europe to represent for the whole of Christian civilization a constant danger, and in time European civilization incorporated that peril and its lore, its great events, fgures, virtues, and vices as something woven into the fabric of life. (60) lagds defining Othellos sexual affair as something animalistic brings about another racist criticism argued for decades. Likening Othello to wild animals, Iago tries to agitate Brabantio. Iago once again turns his invective on Othello, with tough racial epithets: the devil bid you. Zounds, sir, you are one of those that will not serve God, if Because we come to do you service and you think we are ruffians, youll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse; youll have your nephews neigh to you; coursers for cousins and gennets for germans. (l. 1. 106-12) youll have The words devil, barbary horse, and gennet are all related to Othellos race. His definition of Othello and his comparison of his relatives with animals and Roderigds made a gross revolt are again other examples of harsh attacks towards blacks in Elizabethan time. Even though that night is a night when two lovers rejoin, they define it something so disgusting, animal like. Another obvious offence to Othellos color comes from Brabantio when he first sees Othello and when they gather in Senate saloon: The wealthy curled darlings of our nation, would ever have, to incur a general mock, Run from her guard age to the sooty bosom Of such a thing as thou, to fear, not to delight (1. . 67-70) In the play there are many scenes Othello is described someone to be feared of ecause of his physical appearances. Brabantio humiliates Othello with his appearance when he runs away with Desdemona. We do not see any other offense than his race and prejudices based on his race. To fall in love with what she feared to look on! /lts Judgment maimed and most imperfect. (l. iii. 99-1 00) G. K. Hunter shows in his article Elizabethans and foreigners how the Moors are thought to be with animalistic attachments in Elizabethan times: Throughout the Elizabethan period, indeed, there seems to be a considerable confusion whether the Moor is a human being or a monster. Shakespeare manages to convey this idea in Othello with his racist characters such as Iago and Brabantio yet he proves its being a false idea with his character, Othello, who is portrayed as a honest and innocent man who is turned in toa murderer with lagds manipulations. Brabantio directly attacks Othellos color defining him as someone to be afraid of. Sooty is synonymous with black, of course. He cannot even think of the possibility of his daughters falling in love with Othello. He keeps accusing Othello of magic: She is abused, stoln from me, and corrupted Ay, to me; By spells and edicines bought of mountebanks; For nature so preposterously to err, Being not deficient, blind, or lame of sense, not. Sans witchcraft could Magic was something that associated with blacks at those times. Brabantio believes that a black man can only earn the heart of his daughter, Desdemona, by magic since she never indulged young boys of their own race who were longing for her Othello is simply a black man, with all that stereotype implies, and only witchcraft could account for a beautiful, intelligent and high-born maiden becoming enamored of him (Salgado 87). Brabantio thinks that it has something to do with Othellos heritage. Since he is black, he can bewitch. Magic also reappears when Desdemonas handkerchief cannot be found; Othello has too much trust in the symbolism and charm of the handkerchief, which is why the object is so significant to him. It was not because he really did magic through the handkerchief but because the handkerchief has a cultural meaning to him. Othellos defense that he made in front of the Dukes and the Senators is an answer to all attacks that Iago, Roderigo and Brabantio have made so far. the very moment that he bade me tell it; Wherein I spake of most disastrous chances, Of moving accidents by flood and field Of hair-breadth scapes i the imminent deadly breach, taken by the insolent foe And sold to slavery, of my redemption thence (1. 1. 133-8) Of being Othello simply tells how Desdemona fell in love with him through his life story. Their love story was out of sexuality and it was not Othello who forced Desdemona to run away with him. He shows he does have real magic, in the words he uses and the stories he tells. He draws a real imperturbable character that readers appreciate. The reader feels even more sympathy towards Othello because of lagds hypocritical ehavior. As the play goes on Othello speaks of his own color implying negative connotations it has when his faith in his wife is destroyed because of lagds manipulations on her faithfulness, the Moor sees that her name has become as black as his face: Her name, that was as fresh/ As Dians visage, is now begrimed and black/ As mine own face. (Ill. iii. 386-88)Othello uses the color black in order to liken Desdemonas so called cheat. We see how the color issue was widespread among people at those times since even a black person uses his color in order to imply its ad connotations. Tragedy, in Chapmans metaphor, is always black-facd; but Othellos dark countenance is like an inscription of his tragic destiny for more reasons than the traditional metaphoric associations of blackness with evil and death (Neill 29). Shakespeares creating a character like Othello who gets on well with almost all people in the play -the duke, the senators, and soldiers- is sign of Shakespeares not being racist. Salvago states that : The general esteem in which he is held , Brabantios earlier regard and affection for him and the Dukes remark on earing his story, show that this extravagant and wheeling stranger/Of here and everywhere has earned himself a respected position in Venetian society (87). Desdemona has always been loyal to his husband, Othello, till the very end. In the play Desdemona is young Venetian woman of high birth and good breeding that is favored by many white young men yet chooses to marry Othello, to a Moor. She does not show less respect to her husband than any other white husband in that time. Captivated by Othello and his travelers tales, Desdemona either falls in love him ersonally or imagines she does, and marries him without the slightest regard for her fathers wishes or feelings. (Unwin 159) When Emilia says But I do think it is their husbands faults/ If wives do fall (IV. iii. 88-9). Desdemonas response is Good night, good night. Heaven me such usage send. Not o pick bad from bad put by a bad mend (IV. iii 106-7). Since she never did wrong to her husband, she had nothing to fear of. Desdemona is constantly associated, throughout the play with images of whiteness and purity: wedding sheets; a handkerchief; skin whiter than snow and smooth as monumental alabaster. It is this purity of spirit that Othello mistakes for sin, Just as he mistakes lagds malevolence for honesty. The honest Desdemona is accused of dishonesty; the dishonest Iago(insincere, deceitful, lacking in candor and significant that in Othello the dishonest traitor is white, racist Iago not the black Moor. The dishonest white man destroyed the relationship between the faithful, innocent white Venetian girl and the other honest, innocent black Moor. Normally a black person would be used in Elizabethan literature to represent the darkness, yet in Othello lagds absolute evil character takes on that role. At the very end of the play, Othello being poisoned by wicked lagds provocations Othello kills innocent Desdemona and upon learning the truth he turns on himself and commits suicide quietly. He kills the savage, green-eyed, murderer, and the outsider. Garber says that: Othello kills Othello. He is both Turk and Venetian, as he has been all along, and he dies in the act of describing a noble public gesture, the killing of a public enemy, in front of Venetian ambassadors who are public men themselves (615) Othello is converted into Christianity after he comes to Venice. Probably, he has been a Muslim before, and he has belonged to the Ottoman Empire which was the most powerful empire at that time. Therefore he might have been also representing a Turk. We see that Iago managed what he tried throughout the play. From the very beginning till the end he speaks of Othellos being a barbaric Moor and at last because of his slanders Othello commits a barbaric crime. lagds wicked plan destroys Othello. The seeds of Jealousy that Iago plant over starts to bloom and Othello plans on taking the life of his beloved Desdemona for he believes in her so-called infidelity. We see that Othello starts to lose his humanity, and takes on the mentality of a savage. As G. K. Hunter stated in his article the relation between wild-men, green-men, foresters, Robin Hood, the Moors and the devil was very difficult to clear up. Man of African heritage is typically portrayed in Elizabethan literature in a negative light, yet is allowed to shine in Othello. (56) Therefore Othello is depicted as a true hero. He is portrays as good general and honest man. He is flawed; his nobility and honesty permits Iago to abuse him in his deceitful ways. Othellos color is dramatically mportant since the reader visualize how outsiders especially the Moor with an Muslim Arab ancestry are seen Elizabethan times and lights the way for seeing the differences between European and Non-European societies in that time.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Understanding The One-Child Policy Essay Sample free essay sample

The execution of the one-child policy in China has gained assorted reactions after it was adopted as a countermeasure to the unmanageable birth rate in the state. The subject became controversial because the policy was associated with instances of human rights misdemeanors such as forced abortions and some unexplained disappearings of misss. Although. there are instances of human rights misdemeanors. the policy of course brought down the population rate in China and political leaders raised that commanding population would be indispensable in order for the state in order to achieve its economic ends. but China may necessitate to follow a better policy because groundss have been provided that the one-child policy may no longer be helpful in the current scene. In an unfastened missive to the Chinese people. the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party stated that rapid population growing which may ensue in troubles in supplying nutrient. vesture. lodging. transit. instruction. medical attention and employment. The commission specifically stated that rapid population growing will of course ensue in increased ingestion rate. reduced nutrient supply. overexploitation of natural resources such as energy. H2O and wood. deterioration of environmental jobs and populating conditions and it would besides do it hard to increase the criterion of life in China. ( Feng 7 ) . On the other manus. statements that urge alteration in the one-child policy have bloomed such as the dropping birthrate which already dropped below the replacing degree which resulted in some negative effects such as an aging population. Chinese twosomes now besides show that they prefer holding two kids. Rising ingestion rate is besides no longer a concern but is being viewed as a manner to bring forth market demand and to impel farther economic growing. Other statements are that capital accretion and investing is already provided by multiple sectors and their deficit would no longer present a menace. the overall criterion of life in China has increased quickly ; the state no longer faces a nutrient supply job ; new energy resources are being created and utilised. including increased imports from abroad and people are going more cognizant of environmental protection as new steps are being taken to cut down pollution ( Feng 7 ) . The policy has been implemented earlier merely as a short-run step but the policy continues to be implemented until now because of the statement that birthrate rate would once more increase if the policy will be junked. However. the statement can non be verified because of the absence of alternate policies in commanding population growing ( Feng 3 ) . Fertility rate is defined as the average figure of kids born per adult female and it is noted that birthrate rate in China has decreased from 2. 9 in 1979 to 1. 7 in 2004 ( Hesketh. Lu. Xing ) . Many groups have been against this policy because of some instances of human rights misdemeanors and ethical criterions. It besides resulted in forced abortions. an instability in the sex ratio. an aging population and harlotry. Consequently. harlotry increased the figure of AIDS instances and other sexually transmitted diseases in the state ( Hesketh. Lu. Xing ) . Womans in China are forced to hold abortion to follow with the one-child policy. Although. there are particular exclusions that makes it possible for a twosome to hold two kids. In rural countries. a twosome may be allowed to hold to kids if the first kid is a female in order to hold boy ( Hesketh. Lu. Xing ) . Besides. the deficit in the figure of adult females caused an instability in the sex ratio because the policy permits twosomes in the rural countries to hold a 2nd kid if the first kid is a female. As of 2000. there is a recorded 10 per centum difference in the figure of male over female births. The ratio is that there are 119. 2 male childs to merely 100 misss. In 1982. the male to female birth ratio was already at 108. 5 to 100 and the execution of the one-child policy aggravated the already present instability in sex birth ratios ( Feng 5 ) . Harmonizing to the Chinese authorities. the deficit of adult females might hold resulted in the addition mental wellness jobs and alterations in the societal behaviour of work forces. The authorities besides said that the deficiency of adult females left some work forces unable to hold a household. The job may besides be the cause of snatch and trafficking of adult females for matrimony and the addition in the figure of sex workers. These job s could present a menace to the country’s growing in the hereafter ( Hesketh. Lu. Xing ) . It may be noted that the one-child policy is being blamed for the high sex ratio but it might merely be a conducive factor because there was already a recorded high sex ratio in China in the 1930s and the 1940s as a consequence of infanticide of misss. The ratio merely declined after the communist revolution of 1949 ( Hesketh. Lu. Xing ) . The population is China is undergoing a rapid addition in aging as a cause of the diminution in birthrate rate. The population is acquiring old because of bettering life anticipation rates because of betterments in medical engineering. it is even amplified by the diminishing birth rate in China which is even below the replacing degree ( Hesketh. Lu. Xing ) . The Chinese authorities is torn between the demand to equilibrate the human right of reproduction and the hazard of sabotaging its economic ends. A good 57 per centum of the adult females in China prefer holding two kids alternatively of merely one. Besides. what the advocates of the policy though before the policy was determined may no longer be applicable in the present scene because there were already monolithic alterations in the Chinese economic system ( Hesketh. Lu. Xing ) . There are besides suggestions that the China could raise the bound to two kids per twosome with an age spread of at least five old ages. Predictions show that this apparatus would ensue in a birthrate rate of 1. 7 for the following 20 old ages. It is believed that this would stabilise the sex ratio. ( Hesketh. Lu. Xing ) . It might besides work out the other jobs that are associated with the one-child policy. Based on the facts. the Chinese authorities is still for the one-child policy because it stabilizes the population but its citizens already hold great dissatisfaction experiencing its negative effects. Because there have already been cardinal alterations in the overall position of China. the one-child policy may no longer be applicable in the current scene and may merely turn out to be a hindrance for farther growing. It is besides of import to observe that the authorities should go to to the demands and wants of its citizens to keep a harmonious relationship between the two groups. Furthermore. human rights misdemeanors would likely diminish if the citizens would be given more infinite o exercise their right right of reproduction. The Chinese authorities may keep great concern about the public presentation of its economic system because of implementing such a policy but in the terminal. the rights of its citizens should non be greatly compromised to recognize the country’s ec onomic ends. Plants Cited Hesketh. Therese. Li Lu and Zhu Wei Xing. The Effect of China’s One-Child Family Policy after 25 Old ages.The New England Journal of Medicine.( 2007 ) . Retrieved March 10. 2008 fromhttp: //content. nejm. org/cgi/content/full/353/11/1171 Feng. Wang. Can China Afford to Continue Its One-Child Policy? .East-West Center.( 2005 ) Retrieved March 10. 2008 from World Wide Web. eastwestcenter. org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/api077. pdf

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Ways to Serve Others This Christmas

Ways to Serve Others This Christmas Christmas is the season of giving; since our schedules offer so much flexibility, homeschooling families often have the availability to give back to their community during the holiday season. If you and your family have been considering service opportunities, try any of these 11 ways to serve others this Christmas. Serve Meals at a Soup Kitchen Call your local soup kitchen or homeless shelter to schedule a time to go serve meals. You might also inquire if they are low on any specific supply needs. This time of year many organizations host food drives, so their pantry may be full, but there may be other items that need to be restocked such as bandages, blankets, or personal hygiene items. Sing Carols at a Nursing Home Gather your family and a few friends to go sing Christmas carols at a nursing home. Ask if it’s okay to bring baked goods or wrapped candy to share with the residents. Spend some time before you go making homemade Christmas homemade cards to deliver or buy a box of assorted cards to share. Sometimes nursing homes are overwhelmed with groups that want to visit during the holiday season, so you may want to see if there are other ways that you can help or better times to visit. Adopt Someone Choose a child, grandparent, single mom, or family who is struggling this year and purchase gifts or groceries or deliver a meal. If you don’t know someone personally, you can ask local agencies and organizations that work with needy families. Pay Someone’s Utility Bill Inquire at the utility company to see if you can pay the electric, gas, or water bill for someone who is struggling. Due to privacy factors, you may not be able to pay a specific bill, but there is often a fund to which you can donate. You might also check with the Department of Family and Children’s Services. Bake a Meal or Treats for Someone Leave a little snack bag in the mailbox with a note for your mail carrier, or put a basket of snacks, soft drinks, and bottled water on the porch with a note inviting delivery people to help themselves. That’s sure to be a greatly appreciated gesture during the busy holiday season You can also call your local hospital and see if you could deliver a meal or snacks and drinks to the ICU waiting room or hospitality room for the families of patients. Leave a Generous Tip for Your Server at Restaurants We sometimes hear of people leaving a tip of $100 or even $1000 or more. That’s fantastic if you can afford to do that, but just tipping above the traditional 15-20% can be greatly appreciated during the holiday season.   Donate to the Bell Ringers The men and women ringing bells in front of stores are often recipients of the services offered by the organization for whom they’re collecting. The donations are typically used to operate homeless shelters and after-school and substance abuse programs and to provide meals and toys to needy families at Christmas. Help the Homeless Consider making bags to give out to homeless people. Fill a gallon-size storage bag with items such as gloves, a beanie, small juice boxes or water bottles, non-perishable ready-to-eat food items, lip balm, facial tissues, restaurant gifts cards, or prepaid phone cards. You might also consider giving blankets or a sleeping bag. Perhaps an even better way to help the homeless community is to  contact an organization that works directly with the homeless  and find out what they need. Often, these organizations can stretch monetary donations farther by purchasing in bulk or working with complementary organizations. Do Housework or Yard Work for Someone Rake leaves, shovel snow, clean house, or do laundry for someone who could use the extra help. You might consider a sick or elderly neighbor or a new or single parent. Obviously, you’ll have to make arrangements to do housework, but yard work can be done as a complete surprise. Take a Hot Beverage to People Working in the Cold Police officers directing traffic, mail carriers, bell ringers, or anyone else working out in the cold this Christmas season will appreciate a cup of hot cocoa, coffee, tea, or cider. Even if they don’t drink it, they’ll enjoy using it as a hand warmer for a little while.   Pay for Someone’s Meal at a Restaurant Paying for someone’s meal in a restaurant or the car behind you in the drive-thru is a fun random act of kindness any of time of year, but it’s often especially appreciated at Christmas when money is  tight for  many families.   Whether youre investing your time, your financial resources, or both to serve others this holiday season, youll likely find that its you and your family who are blessed by serving others.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Is the common law fair Essays

Is the common law fair Essays Is the common law fair Essay Is the common law fair Essay Essay Topic: Law From a moral point of view one might say that honest people act in accordance of good faith and fairness. But morals normally originate from religion or culture. The Common Law on the other hand is laissez faire, which means that the law doesnt interfere a lot in legal affairs of businesses. It doesnt sympathise a lot with the nature of good faith and fairness as long as one doesnt misrepresent and deceive or doesnt act unconscionably. Moreover in the case of Walford v. Miles [1992] Lord Ackner states that The concept of a duty to carry on negotiations in good faith is inherently repugnant to the adversarial position of the parties when involved in negotiations. Each party to the negotiations is entitled to pursue his (or her) own interest, so long as he avoids making misrepresentation1 This shows that from the judiciaries point of view the law shouldnt be concerned with good faith and fairness but with negative actions. This is possibly because the common law wants to promote healthy businesses where parties can pursue their interest in their own way but not misrepresent or deceive the other party. Therefore on one hand the common law wants to promote healthy business but at the same time stop people from misleading other people into a contact. The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 on the other hand implies good faith upon the law. As you can see in Article 5 of the Unfair Terms A contract term which has not been individually negotiated shall be regarded as unfair if, contrary to the requirement of good faith, it causes a significant imbalance in the parties rights and obligations arising under the contract, to the detriment of the consumer2. Therefore since we know that the common law doesnt stress the good faith as much as the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999, I will now move on and asses whether fairness is really necessary and welcome in English Law. Some Lawyers would argue that fairness isnt necessary and welcome at all because it removes the traditional laissez faire businesses culture. In their opinion the Common Law has already tackled the most important issues in contract Law. This is because it had already developed the necessary tools to allow the courts to police contracts adequately. This tools include the Law of misrepresentation, The Unfair contracts term act of 1977, duress and inequality in bargaining power. First I will start of with misrepresentation. In Mckendicks casebook misrepresentation is defined as an unambiguous, false statement of fact or law which is addressed to the party misled, which is material and which induces the contract3 So we can see that in misrepresentation the common law is already providing fairness to the involved parties, to some extent by making sure that a party doesnt argue another party into a contract by misleading them. In the case of Esso Petroleum Ltd v. Mardon [1976], which you can read up in the Mckendrick textbook, Esso offered the defendant to buy a petrol filling station which was still under construction. They also told the defendant that the throughput of the petrol station was likely to reach 200 000 gallons a year. But at the end the local authority refused planning permission for the petrol pumps to front on the main street. Instead the, station had to be built back to front with the forecourt at the back. Esso assured the defendant these changes would not affect the projected throughput of petrol. However the throughput of the petrol that year was only 78000 gallons. The defendant sues Esso for negligent misrepresentation. Now in the court Esso argued that their statement as to throughput was a statement of opinion and not a statement of fact. 4 Esso tried to use the same defence as in Bisset v Wilkinson [1927] where the court decided that the vendors statement was a statement of opinion and not a statement of fact. 5 However the problem Esso faced was that unlike the vendor in Bisset, Esso had more knowledge then the customer had who it induced into the contract. This made the statement of opinion become a fact. This is why the court decision held that Esso did mislead the consumer into the contract. Furthermore in Smith v Land and house property Corporation justice Bowen argued that we can see that the Common Law always provided fairness to the parties, in these cases to the consumers who deserve it. In Bisset the vendor didnt have greater knowledge then the consumer so the statement he made suddenly became an opinion rather than a fact. Therefore one can argue that the contract Law already provides its parties with adequate fairness so a new law wasnt needed. Similarly another doctrine which promotes fairness in common law is that of duress. Duress is when someone threats someone to induce them into a contract. In common law Duress can terminate a contract if one party is threatened by duress to person, goods and financial duress. The common law tries its best to give justice to people who didnt willingly want to enter a contract but were forced to enter one. In the case of Barton v. Armstrong. It was argued that Barton was threatened to be murdered if he wouldnt enter the contract with Armstrong. However the jury decided that because Bartons primary reason for entering the contract wasnt duress but a commercial reason, the court dismissed the appeal of Duress in the court of appeal. However Barton appealed to the Privy council where Per Lord Cross argued that it did not matter that Bartons primary motive in agreeing the deed was commercial- that he may have signed it even if the threats had not been made The case of Barton V Armstrong proves that the common law gives the courts adequate ruling power of a case. As in the previous misrepresentation case the courts were allowed to assess the situation and make their own decision. Clearly we can see that although in Barton V Armstrong Duress wasnt the main reason why Barton entered the contract but duress of person was still in place. In my opinion the court didnt just want to give fairness to Barton in this case but it also wanted to set a bench mark for people who are thinking to use duress to induce people into a contract. Another important doctrine in common law is the doctrine of Consideration. In its very essence consideration means simply something of value received by a promisor from a promisee. It can take the form of a right, interest or benefit accruing to one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss, or responsibility, given, suffered or undertaken by the other. 6 The doctrine of common law sounds very simple. However the complexity with Consideration really starts in sufficient consideration when someone is doing more then he is obliged under his legal duties. For instance in the case of Stilk v Myrick [1809] a captain promised its 9 men remaining crew the split wages of the two deserters if they would sale back with him to London. However once arrived back in London the captain refused to pay the extra money. In any normal circumstances the claimant would have received the money. However because of a just and proper policy in the case of Harris v Watson which made it clear that a sailor is not entitled to claim any extra wages, which were promised to him at a time when the ship was in danger. Therefore the court decided that the claimant were not entitled of the extra wages. The court came to this decision by looking at various facts. One was that there was no consideration for the extra work before the sailors started their journey. The sailors already agreed that they would do anything they could before the journey to make sure that the ship returns to London safely at any circumstances. However there are still some lawyers doubting the fairness given to the sailors in this case. Surely the sailors worked overtime and had to work more now then they originally planned and now they would have deserved some extra money. Some lawyers even go that far to question the doctrine of Consideration. Some as Professor Atiyah would argue for the case of Harris v Watson proves there is no coherent doctrine of consideration based on reciprocity. He states that : the truth is that the courts have never set out a doctrine of consideration. They have been concerned with the much more practical problem of deciding in the course of litigation whether a particular promise in a particular case should be enforced When the courts found a sufficient reason for enforcing a promise they enforced it;and when they found that for one reason or another is was undesirable to enforce a promise, they did not enforce it 7 All in one we can see that the Common Law pretty much tries its best to give people fairness. The fact that courts are allowed adequately to police contracts is important because in this way they can do their best to provide fairness to people using Law and a bit of good faith. However in the other hand there are also critics of the common law who believe that there need to be a set of rules, which regulates contracts and includes good faith and fairness. One argument is that the replacement of the unfair contract terms act of 1977 was necessary to be replaced by unfair terms in consumer contracts regulations 1999. The main purpose in the regulations of 1999 is to regulate the unfair terms in contract between consumer and seller. The word consumer has a different meaning in UTCCR 1999 and a different in the UCT 1977. If we look at the regulations then consumer means any natural person who, in contract covered by these Regulations, acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business or profession. But if we look at the Unfair terms act of 1977 we will find that it doesnt exclude companies from possible consumers. A consumer here means any natural or legal person who, in contract covered by the regulations, is acting for purposes relating his trade, business or profession, whether publicly owned or privately owned. 8 One can see that the regulations of 1999 are much more protective over the consumer then the common law. Further more if you read Regulation 5 (4) The burden of proof is upon the seller or supplier to show that term has been individually negotiated. 9 The regulations are trying to remove the burden from the supplier theyre not necessarily making the Law fairer for everyone. In a direct comparison to the common Law in my opinion the common Law provided much more fairness because then the judges still had adequate ruling power and could confront the situation much better than the statute can ever do. The UCTA on the other hand is confined with clauses as the exclusion, limitation and indemnity. As mentioned before the Common Law includes some bits of good faith but still doesnt recognize a doctrine of good faith. In this way it stands out from many other states in the world. However with the help of the Regulations of 1999 the English law is becoming more aware of fairness and good faith. However some people again that although Britain never had a doctrine of Good Faith doesnt mean that it needs one now or didnt have important bits to it already. But moreover the Unfair terms in consumer contracts regulation 1999 didnt introduce a doctrine of good faith either. It was never that important before the regulations neither is it now. So one can argue that even tough we have a new law system but we still dont have a doctrine of good faith, which makes some question themselves did we really need the changes from common law to the regulations if the doctrine of good faith hasnt even become a doctrine yet. Maybe the doctrine of good faith will never play an important part in English Law. The English law was never about good faith and fairness, it always promoted a laissez faire business culture. Therefore I think that the Common Law was already in itself a very fair sets of Law which took great emphasis on good faith. The misrepresentation made sure that people werent mislead into a contract but still promoted a healthy business. The doctrine of Duress made sure that none would be forced into signing a contract by threatening them about their life, wealth or goods. Common Law always promoted healthy and fair businesses and not business deals under duress. Consideration is the very basic idea of a business You give me some equally valuable for my goods, which the common law wanted to uphold. The Common Law always tried its best to be fair by not letting people mislead, forcefully induce people to contacts. However on the other hand the regulations of 1999 want to give me more security to consumers. Especially after it includes companies as well to consumers.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Effect of the Salary Cap and Free Agency on the Compensation of Essay

The Effect of the Salary Cap and Free Agency on the Compensation of Skill Position Players - Essay Example The article frequently sites other research papers to help back up their own work, and also use expansion path graphs to illustrate their findings. The article also used quantile regressions to demonstrate the data that they have pooled and taken from NFL stats. They site all their calculations and their formulas, and have a strong background of how they came up with all their numbers they use. They also use several different models to demonstrate the differences between the pay salaries and performance at the NFL level. They also make sure to add in the factors that free agency cause, as well as what a NFL team should respond to using the graphs that the article shows. The article reveals that several patterns can be seen in the NFL numbers. These patterns look to support the findings in the original paper, the Kowalewski and Leeds paper that this article was trying to prove correct or incorrect. The data supported the conclusion that free agency made it much more important for a player to keep track off, and improve their stats for the better pay. This was also the conclusion of the original paper, and this article reaches a similar conclusion. I believe the author's conclusions are sound, and that they have all the data and work shown to properly back up their argument.